I often find myself thinking that I really ought to update my blog more often, or change the sort of things I write about, and yet I never quite get around to it. I’ve never really understood why – after all, it’s not as though I’m especially short on subject matter, what with the snow, being a physicist, and spending four hours on Wikipedia, linksurfing from North Korea to the list of the world’s tallest buildings. I could even come out in support of student protests, and fuel a fairly massive Facebook argument which would cause us all to ask that fundamental question – who would ever choose to join the Conservative Party.
That was all a little off-topic – presumably I’ve been drinking too much coffee, or maths has finally pushed me over the edge into insanity, but I actually have an idea for a blog entry.
For a while I’ve said that I’m not sure that the first-past-the-post system for electing representatives was terribly fair. It has obvious advantages in terms of simplicity, but only requires a candidate to be approved of by more of his electorate than any of his rivals – even if that’s only by one vote. The alternative vote system is an attempt to reduce this problem by producing a system where a candidate is only returned when they have a majority of preferential votes, but it’s still complicated, and produces a considerable over-simplification of national opinion.
This is where I see a much more fundamental problem with the system by which we elect representatives – the system of constituencies. There are 650 constituencies in the United Kingdom. There is a fairly large difference between the size of the largest constituency (Electorate: 103,480 persons) and the smallest constituency (Electorate: 56,085). That’s a difference of 47,395 people, meaning that Wirral West has 146% the power to decide the outcome of a general election as the Isle of Wight – another way of looking on it is that in Wirral West every vote is worth almost one-and-a-half Isle of Wight votes. It’s pretty hard to justify a system in which a voter’s geographic location should affect the outcome of an election (at least mathematically).
But what alternative is there to having geographic constituencies? After all, the idea of having a representative elected to protect the interests of a particular area of the country seems pretty sound – or at least it did in the past. The situation today is quite different to that when the current system was created. We have a fairly large degree of local government – in the form of councils, and indeed regional government (outside England). Many (if not most) of the issues debated in the Commons are pretty non-localized. Sure, they affect different areas of the country, but they affect them all in the same way, like changes in tax, tuition fees. So perhaps the answer is to devolve power to local councils, although this does little but shift the problem of election from the Commons to local councils, although it might be easiest, in sufficiently small council areas to simply have a system which elects the 15 (choosing an arbitrary number) most popular candidates to the council – with each council effectively being one constituency. This would leave Westminster in the role of a national coordinator – controlling how major issues should be addressed, for example the (national) budget, railways, healthcare, defence, international relations, I could go on, but I won’t, for the sake of (arguable) brevity. This is very much the model taken by the European Union, where problems which are better addressed on a continental rather than national level are coordinated centrally. It’s at this stage that I see a large number of people leaping, claws sharpened, at my neck. I can’t say that the EU is a perfect organization – far from it, but the concept is sound – only the real advantages have yet to be realized.
For such a system to work we would need a fairly large cultural shift. We live in what encyclopaedias like to call a democracy – a system where the people elect their leaders. This is true – I’d be a fool to try and say that people don’t have some say in how the country is run – but it doesn’t truly represent every person. The past few weeks have shown considerable evidence of this flaw, with the upset caused by the apparent and alleged u-turn of the Liberal-Democrats over tuition fee rises. Many of the people who voted for them did so on the understanding that they would prevent tuition fee increases, yet at the first whiff of power they seemed to abandon this principle. Whether or not raising tuition fees is the right thing to do is not the point – the political representation of thousands of people on this issue has been removed, for what in the personal opinion of a small number of LibDem MPs is “for the good of the country”. We effectively have some form of democratically elected oligarchy, which is able to get about its own personal business unencumbered by what the ignorant hoi polloi thinks might be in “the good of the country”.
Addressing this issue is much harder, in a sense, than reforming how we elect our representatives. One option is to conduct regular referenda – technically possible (after all, ITV regularly manage such a seemingly impossible feat to select who has the ‘X-factor’), but whether they would be practical is another matter – the Commons has a great advantage in this respect, in comparison at least to plebiscite, since minor modifications can be made rapidly following the failing of parts of legislation, in order to achieve consensus. It could be potentially disastrous for some legislation to ‘ping-pong’ between legislators and the public for months if not years before achieving consensus.
There may be various ways around this, including allowing public consultation prior to a vote, but it still doesn’t eliminate the problem of people not understanding what they’re voting for. At the very least legislation would have to be compressed into bitesize, easy to understand format to present to people who have neither the time, nor the technical understanding, to trawl through a parliamentary bill. It occurs to me that this is the greatest problem with any of my idea – that people will simply not be bothered to read about what the change is, and won’t be interested unless it’s singing Westlife’s Greatest Hits, and being commented on by Simon Cowell.
So, true democracy.
Fairer? Yes.
Possible? Technically.
Practical? Maybe.
Likely to be seen in the next ten years? No.
It looks like we’re stuck with the system we’ve got, just like someone else’s chewing gum on your shoe – at least for the time being.